Cause and effects of population change

Factors responsible for change in population
Population increases with the increasing birth rate and decreasing death rate. Population also increases when the rate of immigration exceeds the rate of emigration.
Fertility, death and migration are taken as the indispensable factors of population change. Fertility increases the population whereas mortality decreases the population. Similarly, population increases or decreases due to migration. Therefore, the balance in population of any country or region is affected by these factors. The flow mode of population change is given below:
Population increases Population decreases
Births Death
Immigration Migration
Population increases due to births
and immigration Population decreases due to death and emigration.

Influential factors for population growth
The birth of a child increases the population of the related family, the village and the country. The birth is a prominent natural factor to bring change in population. The following are the factors which play important role to increase in birth rate.
A)Social factor
i)Ignorance.
ii)Social customs and traditions.
iii)High infant and child mortality rate.
iv)Lack of health service and facility.
v)Lack of health education.
vi)Religious belief.
vii)Early marriage.
viii)Polygamy.
ix)Composition of family.
x)Universality of marriage.

B)Economic factors
i)Economic condition.
ii)Poverty.
iii)Unemployment .
iv)Occupation.

C)Environmental factors
The climate and natural condition are dominant factor under it. The climate of any country makes direct effect on fertility. Generally the fecundity of hot country is more than that of a cold country. Thus, the woman living in hot climate looks matured in low age than the woman of cold climate and they are able to bear pregnancy.